Having cat issues? You're in the right place!
Welcome to our Resources pages! Here, you’ll find essential guidance on common cat-related situations and what to do in each instance. You can also find succinct information on several commonly misunderstood subjects.
Our goal is to empower you with the knowledge to handle these issues independently, so our rescue team can stay focused on saving lives. Explore the topics below to get the help you need and make a difference for animals in your community.
All information on this page is offered for general guidance only and is not offered as specific advice for any particular case. Every pet and situation is different, so please use your best judgment and consult a professional when needed. By using these resources, you understand that Second Chance Pet Adoptions cannot guarantee outcomes and assumes no responsibility or liability for how this information is used.
Cats are curious by nature, and even the most cautious feline can find itself in a tricky situation. Be prepared when your cat needs help. Serious medical issues like many listed here require immediate vet care, but your knowledgeable action and preparedness can facilitate a favorable outcome for your cat.
IMPORTANT!!! First aid is not a substitute for veterinary care, but it may save your pet’s life until you can get them to a vet. In case of an emergency, call your veterinarian or local veterinary emergency hospital so they can be ready when you arrive.
Before you begin:
- Start by protecting yourself. Keep your face away from their mouth.
- Avoid being bitten or scratched. Use a think towel or gloves rather than your bare hands. Towel “burrito” wrap to gently restrain and prevent biting.
- Stay calm and assess the situation. Observe to determine the severity of the situation.
- Keep the cat warm and quiet.
- If transporting to a veterinarian and time permits, ask a friend to ride along to secure your cat and provide comfort.
Choking
Choking can be very serious and requires immediate action.
Possible Symptoms:
- Difficulty breathing
- Gagging, retching and heaving (open mouth without noise)
- Coughing (especially upon exhaling)
- Raspy sound when inhaling
- Drooling
- Blue-tinged gums &/or tongue
- Pawing at mouth or rubbing face on ground
- Anxiety or panic
- Staggering
- Loss of consciousness (in severe cases)
Guidance:
- Do not try to induce vomiting unless instructed by a veterinarian.
- Restrain your cat if needed.
- Pull the tongue forward for a better view.
- If you can see the object, try to remove it carefully with your fingers or tweezers. Be careful not to push the object further down the throat.
- If you cannot see the object, perform the Heimlich maneuver for cats.
- Seek veterinary attention immediately, even if you have removed the object, as there may be other complications.
Wounds
If your cat is bleeding from a cut or injury, staying calm and acting quickly can help protect them from further harm. Gentle, prompt first aid can make a big difference.
Guidance:
Step 1:
Keep your cat calm.
Step 2:
Use a clean cloth, towel or gauze to apply firm pressure directly over the bleeding site.
Step 3:
If possible, elevate the injured limb to slow bleeding.
Step 4:
Avoid checking to see if the bleeding has stopped until you’ve applied pressure for at least 3 minutes.
For minor bleeding:
Step 5:
After bleeding stops, gently clean the wound of debris with water or saline, followed by an antibacterial spray or ointment and apply a sterile bandage.
Step 6:
If the bleeding is from a broken nail, apply a styptic pencil to stop the bleeding. Less effective alternatives are baking powder, corn starch or flour.
Step 7:
Monitor your cat to assure that they do not remove the bandage &/or lick the wound.
For significant or persistent bleeding:
Step 8:
If blood soaks through the cloth, do not remove it; add more layers on top and maintain pressure.
Step 9:
Call your veterinarian to determine if your cat needs to be examined.
Poisoning or Toxin Exposure
Products that are harmful to humans are also generally harmful to your cat including:
General items:
- Antifreeze
- Cleaners
- Rodent poisons
- Liquid potpourri
- Mothballs
- Paints & solvents
- Pesticides
- Many medications
- Essential oils
- Nicotine products
Certain plants including:
- Aloe
Azalea
Boxwood
Carnation
Chamomile
Chrysanthemum
Daffodil
Daisy
Dieffenbachia
Elephant Ears
English Ivy
Eucalyptus
Fig
Foxglove
Gardenia
Geranium
- Gladiola
- Holly
- Hydrangea
- Iris
- Lantana
- Laurel
- Lavender
- Lily
- Marijuana
- Mistletoe
- Morning Glory
- Mum
- Oleander
- Oregano
- Paper White
- Parsley
- Peony
- Periwinkle
- Philodendron
- Poinsettia
- Privet
- Rhododendron
- Taro
- Tulip
- Wisteria
Common foods:
Possible Symptoms:
- Drooling
- Hiding
- Vomiting
- Increased rate of breathing or heavy panting
- Yellowing of the skin or other normally white areas like eyes and gums
- Excessive thirst or urination
- Dilated or uneven pupils
- Diarrhea
- Loss of appetite
- Lethargy or weakness
- Unsteady gait
- Restlessness
- Seizures or tremors
- Increased heartbeat
Guidance:
Step 1:
IF YOUR CAT IS IN DISTRESS or you think they likely ingested something poisonous or toxic, IMMEDIATELY SEEK MEDICAL HELP (see below).
Step 2:
Stay calm and move the cat away from the item or substance.
Step 3:
Determine what your cat was exposed to. If a product, check the label for exposure instructions.
Step 4:
Seek medical assistance. Call either:
- Your veterinarian
- An emergency veterinarian clinic
- ASPCA Poison Control Center Hotline (888-426-4435)
- Pet Poison Helpline (855-764-7661)
Be ready with the following information:
- Date and time of exposure
- Breed, age, gender, weight
- Symptoms
- Name/description of substance – ideally, have the packaging.
If your cat was exposed to a toxin on the skin, bathing them to remove the toxin is highly recommended, if you can do it safely. This is effective in most cases.
Broken Bone
Most broken bones in cats occur after falling, getting stepped on, getting hit by a car, or being attacked by a larger animal. In addition to signs of a broken bone, there may be other injuries that can be attributed to the accident.
Possible Symptoms:
- Growling or hissing when petted
- Change in movement: reduced walking, favoring a limb or not flicking the tail
- Change in behavior: not wanting to jump, stretch, scratch or groom as normal
- Hiding
- Decreased appetite
- Swelling or bruising
Guidance:
Step 1:
Gently lay your cat on a flat surface for support.
Step 2:
Stabilize the injury by bandaging or splinting before moving your cat if you can do so safely. To avoid further harm, leave this step to a veterinarian if you are uncertain.
Step 3:
Seek medical assistance. Call either:
- Your veterinarian
- An emergency veterinarian clinic
Step 4:
While transporting, confine your cat to reduce risk of further injury. Use a pet carrier, sturdy box with ventilation holes or other ventilated container.
Severe breaks can cause your cat to go into shock. If your cat collapses, is having convulsions, has pale or blue gums, or is breathing with their mouth open, take them to an emergency veterinarian immediately. Cover the area where there is visible bone with a clean cloth, wrap your cat carefully in a towel or blanket and take them for treatment.
Do not try to set a broken bone yourself!
Internal Bleeding
Internal bleeding is very serious and often life-threatening, requiring immediate professional medical attention.
Possible Symptoms:
Although you can’t see internal bleeding directly, you can watch for signs:
- Bleeding from the nose, mouth or rectum
- Coughing up blood
- Bloody urine
- Pale gums
- Shallow or labored breathing
- Weak or rapid pulse
- Mental dullness
- Mucous membranes around the eyes, nose and mouth that are pale, blue, muddy or a brighter pink than usual
- Skim cool to the touch, often first noticeable around the ears, feet or tail
- An enlarged abdomen
Guidance:
It is not possible to stop internal bleeding without veterinary intervention. If you suspect internal bleeding:
Step 1:
Keep your cat warm and calm.
Step 2:
Immediately transport your cat to your veterinary hospital.
Burns
Although thermal burns are the most common, burns can also be caused by chemicals and electricity. Burns are painful and can be life-threatening or severe. Types of burns:
- First-degree (superficial): Only the outermost skin layer is affected. These burns will typically heal quickly.
- Second-degree (partial thickness): Deeper skin layers are affected. Blistering and skin draining can occur. Pets with second-degree burns are at risk for infection.
- Third-degree (full thickness): These burns are very serious. All skin layers and subcutaneous tissue are affected. Bones, muscles, ligaments, and tendons may also be damaged. Pets will lose sensation in the affected area and will develop scars after healing.
Possible Symptoms:
Symptoms vary depending on the burn type and severity and may not be immediately obvious.
- First-degree: Mildly red, dry skin but not blistered. Painful to the touch.
- Second-degree: Involve blistering, swelling and may be weepy with pink or red skin.
- Third-degree: May appear white, leathery or charred with loss of sensation.
Guidance:
Take precautions to avoid being bitten or scratched.
First-degree burns:
Step 1:
Cool the burn with cool (not cold) running water for 10-20 minutes to reduce tissue damage and pain.
Step 2:
Cover the burn with a sterile, non-adhering dressing to protect it.
Step 3:
Consider consulting your veterinarian, even for apparently minor burns.
Second-degree burns:
Step 1:
Cool the burn with cool (not cold) running water for 20 minutes to reduce tissue damage and pain.
Step 2:
Cover the burn with a sterile, non-adhering dressing to protect it.
Step 3:
Contact your veterinarian as soon as possible for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Third-degree burns:
Step 1:
Cool the burn with cool (not cold) running water for 20 minutes to reduce tissue damage and pain.
Step 2:
Cover the burn with a sterile, non-adhering dressing to protect it.
Step 3:
Seek immediate medical attention from your veterinarian, an emergency vet clinic or urgent care center.
Seizure
Seizures result from abnormal electrical activity in the brain but can be caused by many things. If your cat has a seizure, it is important that you keep them from further injuring themself as you seek immediate medical care.
Possible Symptoms:
Various types of seizures have different symptoms:
- A generalized grand mal seizure involves convulsing and loss of consciousness.
- A partial seizure occurs when only one part or one side of a cat’s body is seizing and the cat remains conscious and responsive.
- Cluster seizures are seizures that occur close together in time – within 24 hours of each other for example – and are considered life-threatening. Equally life threatening is status epileptus, which is defined as continuous seizure activity for more than 30 minutes.
- Narcolepsy and cataplexy can resemble seizures but are sleep-related disorders. Cats with narcolepsy may fall asleep suddenly and briefly during activities such as playing or eating. Cataplexy can cause a sudden loss of muscle tone and collapse while remaining conscious.
Guidance:
Step 1:
Ensure safety: Move your cat to a soft, safe area, away from anything that could cause harm.
Step 2:
Do not restrain: Don’t try to hold or restrain your cat.
Step 3:
Protect yourself: Keep your hands away from their mouth to avoid being bitten.
Step 4:
Time the seizure: Note the duration of the seizure for your veterinarian
Step 5:
Observe and record: If recurring, keep a log of each episode, including the time, duration, and any other relevant details. Consider recording the seizure as a video on your phone for your vet’s reference.
Step 6:
Contact your veterinarian.
Eye Injuries
Eye injuries are painful and can quickly worsen, potentially threatening your cat’s sight.
Possible Symptoms:
- Visible foreign object in eye
- Squinting, rapid blinking
- Excessive tearing &/or bloodshot eye(s)
- Cloudiness or discharge
- Inability to open or close the eye
- Swelling around the eye
- Pawing at the eye
- General discomfort
Guidance:
- If you see something in your pet’s eye, try using saline solution to gently flush it out.
- Avoid trying to manipulate the object with your fingers or a tool.
- Prevent your pet from rubbing their eye with their paws or against objects.
- Seek veterinary care.
Snake Bite
Snake bites can be very serious and even life threatening.
Local Signs:
- Puncture wounds (may be difficult to see due to swelling)
- Swelling and bruising at the bite site
- Red or bloody discharge from the wound
- Pain at the bite site
Systemic Signs:
- Weakness or paralysis (especially in the back legs)
- Tremors or muscle twitching
- Drooling or frothing at the mouth
- Dilated pupils
- Vomiting (with or without blood)
- Bloody urine
- Lethargy or collapse.
- Rapid breathing or difficulty breathing
Other Signs:
- Pale or bluish gums
- Disorientation or depression
- Loss of bladder or bowel control
- Excessive salivation
Guidance:
- Assume the snake is poisonous.
- Try to identify the snake from a safe distance by taking a picture of it. Do not try to capture or kill the snake.
- Keep your cat calm and still.
- Do not try to suck out the venom, apply a tourniquet, cut the would or apply ice.
- Immediately transport your cat to your veterinarian, an emergency veterinarian clinic or an urgent care center.
Heatstroke
Heatstroke in cats is a serious condition where their body temperature rises dangerously high, potentially leading to organ damage or death. Immediate veterinary attention is crucial if your cat demonstrates symptoms of heatstroke.
Possible Symptoms:
- Elevated body temperature: Rectal temperature of 104°F or higher
- Excessive panting
- Restlessness and agitation
- Vomiting and diarrhea
- Drooling
- Lethargy and weakness
- Muscle tremors or seizures: In more severe cases, seizures may occur.
- Disorientation and confusion
- Red or pale gums and tongue
- Sweaty paws: While cats don’t sweat like dogs, their paws may appear moist.
Guidance:
Step 1:
Move your cat to a cool place: Take them indoors or to a shaded area.
Step 2:
Cool them down: Use a cool, damp towel or cloth to help lower their body temperature. Avoid ice, as it can cause shock.
Step 3:
Provide water: Encourage your cat to drink water, but avoid forcing them if they are lethargic.
Step 4:
Seek immediate veterinary care.
Limping
If your cat starts limping, it’s natural to feel worried—especially since cats are experts at hiding pain. From minor sprains to more serious injuries, there are several possible causes. Understanding what to watch for can help you determine how best to support your cat and when to seek veterinary care.
Possible Symptoms:
- The classic telltale sign of limping in cats is when you observe that they are walking with a limp!
Guidance:
Step 1:
Observe and Check for Injuries:
- Check the paws, legs, and body for any cuts, thorns, swelling, or other signs of trauma.
- Gently touch the affected leg and observe if your cat reacts with pain, wincing, or pulling away.
- Notice how your cat walks and if they seem to avoid putting weight on the affected leg.
Step 2:
Monitor and Rest:
- If the limp is mild and not accompanied by other symptoms like changes in behavior, appetite or energy level, allow your cat to rest and monitor the situation.
- Limit activity: Avoid strenuous activity or long walks until the limp improves.
Step 3:
When to Seek Veterinary Care:
- If the limp doesn’t improve within 24-48 hours, or is getting worse.
- If your cat exhibits signs like vomiting, lethargy, fever, excessive swelling, or inability to move.
- If your cat is crying out or showing signs of extreme pain when you touch the affected leg.
Hit by a Vehicle
It’s every cat owner’s nightmare: your cat has been hit by a car. Staying calm and acting quickly can help save their life. Even if there are no obvious injuries, internal damage can be severe. Know what to do in those first critical moments can make all the difference in your cat’s recovery.
Guidance:
Step 1:
Stay calm: You must remain calm to quickly make the decisions necessary to get your cat the care they need. Your cat can sense your emotions; remaining calm can help prevent them from feeling additional agitation.
Step 2:
Handle gently: Be extremely careful when handling or moving, your cat. Protect yourself against pain aggression by keeping your hands away from their mouth, if possible. Do everything you can to keep your cat stable and immobilized while moving and transporting it.
Step 3:
Communicate with the driver: While staying calm, get as much information as possible, as this may help your veterinarian treat your kitty.
Step 4:
Check your cat: Check your cat from head to toe for signs of injury. While external injuries are usually obvious, internal injuries may not be detectable. If possible, confine or restrain your cat to help them avoid injuring themselves any further.
Step 5:
Call the emergency veterinarian: Immediately contact an emergency veterinarian, provide all details and maintain communication while you safely transport your cat to them.
Step 6:
Get to the veterinarian quickly and safely: The sooner you get to the emergency vet, the greater the chances of your cat making a full recovery.
Always get them checked out! You may not think an impact was too serious if your cat seems fine. You may not realize how serious the animal’s internal injuries really are. Even if you think your cat wasn’t injured badly, it’s always safe to take a trip to the emergency veterinarian for a full examination to be safe.
Life doesn’t always go as planned, and sometimes that means making the difficult decision to find a new home for your cat. As their caregiver, it’s up to you to make sure they’re placed somewhere safe and loving. Here’s how to approach the process with care and responsibility.
A difficult decision:
The difficult decision to rehome your cat can derive from many reasons:
- Lifestyle changes
- Financial hardship
- Housing issues
- Incompatibility with other pets
- Owner health issues
Always keep your cat’s well-being at the heart of your decision. If another home can offer more stability, safety, or attention, rehoming may be the kindest choice. Remember, it’s up to you to make sure your cat’s next chapter begins in the right place.
How to find a new home for your cat:
Step 1:
Assess the situation:
Is there a way to keep your cat after all?
- Reevaluate the challenge: Some problems are short-term and may be resolved with small changes to your routine or environment. Don’t give up too quickly.
- Behavior concerns: Cat behavior issues are best addressed with expertise of a cat behavioral expert, but may be caused by underlying medical issues. CLICK HERE for help. If the problem behavior persists, contact your veterinarian.
- Money is tight: If you’re struggling financially, support may be available. CLICK HERE to learn more.
- Landlord or housing trouble: If your cat is no longer allowed where you live, you might still have options. CLICK HERE to learn more.
- Biting or aggression: If your cat has shown signs of aggression, it’s essential to speak with a behaviorist before considering rehoming. Consult your veterinarian to be sure the issue is not being caused by a medical issue. Never place a cat with a history of aggression in a new home without professional input. CLICK HERE to learn more.
Step 2:
Try to find a loving new home for your cat:
- Talk to friends and family: Someone you already trust may be looking for a cat or know someone who is. This is often the most reliable way to find a caring home.
- Check with the place where you adopted them: If your cat originally came from a rescue group, they may be willing to take them back or help with rehoming. If it was a county shelter, make sure they have a no-kill policy before surrendering to protect your cat’s safety.
- List your cat on rehoming websites: There are reputable sites designed to help people find new homes for their pets. Be honest and detailed. Include photos, a description of your cat’s personality, and any medical or behavioral needs.
- Use local Facebook and neighborhood groups: Post your rehoming request on community Facebook pages or neighborhood forums. Share clear photos, details about your cat’s temperament and needs, and how people can reach you.
- Evaluate potential adopters carefully: Ask good questions. What’s their experience with cats? Why do they want to adopt? What kind of home and routine can they offer? If they’ve had pets before, request a vet reference for added peace of mind.
- Contact breed-specific rescues: If your cat is a recognizable breed, specialized rescues may be able to help place them through foster networks or adoption events.
- Talk to local shelters—but check policies first: Many shelters can assist with rehoming, but always confirm they operate under a no-kill policy before surrendering. Your cat’s safety should remain the top priority.
Step 3:
Be patient and don’t give up!
Rehoming a cat takes time. Ensure they go to a home where they’ll be loved and well cared for!
At Second Chance, our promise to every rescued animal doesn’t end at adoption. We remain a safety net for life. If you’re no longer able to care for the cat you adopted from us, we’re here to help ensure they’re placed in another loving, responsible home.
What you should do:
Step 1:
See if keeping your cat is still possible.
Before moving forward, look for a solution that allows your cat to stay with you.
Step 2:
Reach out to Second Chance.
If there’s no way you can keep your Second Chance-adopted cat, we’re here to help.
- Contact us directly.
- Explain the situation: Be open about why you’re returning your cat and give us as many details as possible — whether it’s due to behavior, financial hardship, or life changes. The more we understand, the better we can support your cat’s next steps.
- Gather your cat’s details: Prepare any helpful information, such as vet records, personality traits, habits, and food preferences. These details help us match your cat with the right foster home.
- Be patient with the timeline: Our adoption agreement allows up to two weeks to bring your cat back into our program. We’ll do our best to move quickly, but foster placement can take a few days to coordinate.
Caring for a cat can get expensive, especially when life throws unexpected challenges your way. If you’re finding it hard to cover your cat’s needs, you’re not alone, and there are support programs that may be able to help.
Seek help with your cat's medical care:
Option 1:
Low-cost veterinary clinics
Many communities offer low-cost or sliding scale veterinary clinics to help pet owners in financial need. Search online or ask your vet for referrals. Here are a few options:
- Wake County Community Pet Days: Low-cost veterinary services, including vaccinations and microchips, plus spay/neuter resources. Check their schedule for upcoming events.
Option 2:
- The Pet Fund: Offers assistance for non-emergency medical needs for pets.
- Use local Facebook and neighborhood groups: Post your rehoming request in community Facebook pages or neighborhood forums. Share clear photos, details about your cat’s temperament and needs, and how people can reach you.
Option 3:
Option 4:
Payment plans with your vet
Ask your vet if they offer payment plans or financing options, such as CareCredit, which lets you spread out medical expenses over time. Some vets may also be willing to work with you on payment plans for larger bills.
Get help with pet food:
Several resources are available to assist pet owners in need feed their cat. Remember, you’re not alone.
- SAFE Haven for Cats Pet Food Pantry: SAFE Haven offers a Pet Food Pantry providing free food to individuals facing financial hardship.
- Friends of Wake County Animal Center No Empty Bowl Project: This program helps Wake County residents facing financial hardships and can demonstrate severe financial need by supplementing the owner’s pet food supply. Email them below to see if your situation qualifies.
- SPCA of Wake County: The SPCA can help with short-term pet food needs if supplies are available. Make your request by clicking below.
When you are financially stable in the future, please consider helping others by donating pet food to the SPCA’s food barrels at various locations. Click below to find one.
- Franklin County Animal Services Resources for Pet Owners:
- Durham County APS Pet Food Assistance Program:
- Orange County Animal Services Pet Food Assistance: Depending on availability, Orange County residents can receive pet food assistance.
- Community Outreach: Many local churches, community centers, and food banks in the area offer assistance with pet food or can refer you to other resources.
- Online Community Groups: Consider joining local social media groups or forums where community members often share information about available resources and assistance.
Changes in living circumstances can happen unexpectedly, such as stricter pet policies from your landlord or higher pet-related fees, which can make it difficult to keep your cat. If you’re dealing with this situation, there are resources and solutions available to help.
What you should do:
- Check the lease: If you’re renting, take another look at your lease or housing rules to confirm that cats aren’t allowed.
- Talk to your landlord/manager: Have a conversation with your landlord or property manager about the possibility of keeping your cat. They may be willing to make an exception if you’re able to offer a pet deposit, provide references, or show proof of your cat’s good behavior (such as a history of being well-cared for).
- Service or emotional support animal: If your cat qualifies as a service animal or emotional support animal (ESA), legal protections in some areas could allow you to keep them, as long as you have the necessary documentation.
- Consider moving: If the current situation isn’t workable, you may want to explore other rental options that are more pet-friendly. Some homes or apartments may have fewer restrictions and more flexibility with pets.
- Rehome or temporary care: As a last resort, if none of the above options work, look into finding a safe, permanent or temporary home for your cat.
Found a mysterious kitty meowing at your back door? Or maybe one crossed your path and wouldn’t stop following you home? Don’t stress. You’re in the right place! We’ll walk you through how to help the cat find its family or, if no one comes forward after the required holding period, how to responsibly rehome it.
What you should do:
Step 1:
Does the cat need veterinary care?
If the cat appears sick or injured, get them to a veterinarian or your local Animal Control agency right away.
Step 2:
Look for identification:
Check for a collar with tags that might list the owner’s name and contact information. If you find one, reach out immediately.
Step 3:
Scan for a microchip.
Take the cat to a veterinarian clinic or animal shelter to see if the cat has a microchip. They may be able to provide details that help you contact the owner or the agency that placed the microchip.
Step 4:
Notify area shelters:
Contact nearby animal shelters to report the found cat. Share details like where and when you found them, along with a clear description. Ask if any matching lost pet reports have been filed, and check bulletin boards while you’re there. Most owners will look for their lost pet at their local county animal shelter or animal control department.
Step 5:
Step 6:
Put up flyers:
Create posters with a photo, a short description, and your contact info. Place them around the area where the cat was found, and ask local businesses if you can leave a few flyers there.
Step 7:
Call local veterinarian clinics:
Veterinarians often receive lost pet reports. Reach out to nearby clinics to see if anyone has been searching for a missing cat matching the one you found.
Step 8:
Hold for a few days:
If you’re able to provide temporary care, keep the cat for a few days—many lost pets are reunited with their owners within that time.
Step 9:
Contact Animal Control or a rescue organization:
If the owner doesn’t come forward or you’re unable to keep the cat even short-term, contact your county’s Animal Control or a reputable rescue. Counties typically have specific requirements for stray hold for found animals and your local animal control agency can explain those rules. Please note that Second Chance focuses on rescuing animals already in shelters and typically can’t take in direct surrenders. See below for links.
Additional Resources:
When your cat gets out, it’s scary and overwhelming – but you’re not alone. Take a deep breath and follow these steps to help bring your beloved feline safely home.
What you should do:
Step 1:
Search your immediate area:
- Thoroughly search your property: Focus on your home, yard, sheds, garages, and any other outbuildings.
- Extend your search: Work outwards from your property, as cats are often found within a short distance of where they escaped.
- Consider hiding places: Think of places a scared cat might hide, such as under bushes, in closets, or in garages.
- Search at Dusk and Dawn: Cats are most active during these hours and are more likely to be lured out of hiding when it’s a quieter environment.
Step 2:
Spread the word:
- Alert neighbors and friends: Let them know your cat is missing and describe the cat’s appearance and any unique markings.
- Create and distribute posters: Use large, colorful posters with a clear picture of your cat and a detailed description, your contact information, and reward info if you are offering one.
- Utilize social media: Post your cat’s photo and information on your own page, as well as on local social media groups and websites dedicated to lost pets. Ask your friends and family to share your post as well.
Step 3:
Step 4:
Lure your cat back:
- Leave familiar scents: Place your cat’s bedding or blankets outside to attract them with their scent.
- Use food as bait: Offer favorite treats or meals outside to entice them to return.
- Open windows: Open windows to allow the scent of your home to reach your cat.
- Call their name: If you see them, call them by their name to help them identify you.
Step 5:
Continue searching:
- Don’t give up: Stay persistent and keep searching, even if you haven’t found your cat initially.
- Search at different times of day: Some cats might hide during the day and only venture out at night.
- Consider leaving out food and water: Provide a source of sustenance and hydration if your cat is still outside.
Step 6:
Contact shelters and Animal Control:
- Call local shelters and animal control: Inform them about your missing cat and provide them with a description and contact information.
- Check with shelters regularly: Many shelters post lost and found pet information, so check frequently.
- See below for links to local county shelters.
Step 7:
After your cat returns:
- Provide food and water: Offer food and water in small amounts to prevent overwhelming their system.
- Monitor their behavior: Watch for signs of stress or exhaustion.
- Re-establish routines: Once your cat is back in a comfortable environment, gradually resume normal routines.
Additional Resources:
If you’re concerned about a cat’s welfare, the first step is to identify the specific concerns you have and then consider what resources are available to help. If the cat is in immediate danger or experiencing abuse, contact animal control or a county-operated shelter immediately. Otherwise, follow these steps to hopefully help get the cat any help it might need.
What you should do:
Step 1:
Assess the situation:
- Identify specific concerns: What worries you? Is the cat thin or malnourished, have visible injuries or is being neglected or abused?
- Determine the situation: Is the cat a stray, a lost pet, or owned by someone?
- Document: If possible, take photos or videos of the cat’s condition and surroundings as documentation.
Step 2:
Take action:
- For immediate danger or abuse:
- Contact your local animal control agency or county-operated shelter immediately.
- Report the suspected abuse or neglect to the authorities.
- If you’ve already contacted animal control, you can also report your concerns to the NC Department of Justice Animal Welfare Hotline at 1-855-290-6915, or submit a complaint online.
- If the cat is in immediate danger, you may need to contact 9-1-1.
- For general concerns:
- Provide food, water, and shelter if possible, while keeping yourself safe.
- Contact your local county-operated animal shelter or veterinarian for advice.
Step 3:
Seek assistance:
- Local animal shelters: Many county-operated shelters have programs to help with stray cats or can provide guidance on how to help.
- Veterinarians: If the cat has a medical condition, a vet can provide care and advice.
- Animal welfare organizations: Organizations like the ASPCA, Humane Society or SPCA of Wake County, among others, can offer resources and support.
- Rescue organizations: You may submit a surrender form with Second Chance Pet Adoptions if you believe the cat to be a stray. Our cat team assesses submissions on a case-by-case basis and will determine if we have room for the cat in our program. If we are unable to accept a cat, there are other local rescues that may be able to offer assistance.
Step 3:
Document and follow up:
- Keep records: Note dates, times, and specific details of your observations and actions.
- Follow up: If you’ve contacted authorities, inquire about the status of the investigation.
- Consider ongoing support: If you’re fostering or helping with a community cat, consider ongoing support through spay/neuter programs or TNR (trap-neuter-return) efforts.
Additional Resources:
Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) is a contagious virus that affects cats’ immune systems, making them more vulnerable to illness. By understanding how FeLV spreads and how to care for affected cats, we can help give these special felines the healthy, happy lives they deserve.
Common questions about FeLV:
What is FeLV?
FeLV is a retrovirus that affects cats by weakening the immune system and increasing the risk of infections, anemia, and certain cancers.
How common is FeLV?
Roughly 2–3% of cats in the U.S. are FeLV+, especially cats living in shelters and outdoor colonies.
What are the symptoms of FeLV?
Many cats show no signs for months or years. When symptoms appear, they may include:
- Recurring infections (e.g., skin, mouth, respiratory).
- Weight loss.
- Lethargy or fever.
- Pale gums.
- Swollen lymph nodes.
- Yellow skin/eyes (jaundice).
How does FeLV spread?
FeLV primarily spreads through saliva (eg., shared bowls and litter boxes, bite wounds, grooming) and from mother to kitten. It mainly spreads through close, prolonged contact rather than casual interaction.
Is FeLV curable?
There is no cure, but FeLV+ cats can live happy, long lives with proper care and an indoor-only lifestyle.
Can humans or other pets catch FeLV?
FeLV only affects cats, so humans and other pets are safe. FeLV+ cats should only live with other FeLV+ cats.
How can FeLV transmission be prevented?
Cats can be tested to determine if they have FeLV. FeLV can be prevented by having your veterinarian administer two vaccine doses two weeks apart and then annually.
Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is a serious disease caused by a mutation of a common feline Coronavirus, affecting a cat’s organs and immune response. Once considered untreatable, new advances have changed that. Understanding FIP is the first step in supporting affected cats.
Common questions about FIP:
What is FIP?
FIP is a rare but serious illness in cats caused by a mutated form of the feline Coronavirus. It is different from COVID-19 and is not contagious to humans. Most cats exposed to feline Coronavirus never develop FIP.
Two Types of FIP:
Wet FIP
- The more common and rapidly progressing form.
- Easier to diagnose.
- Fluid buildup in the abdomen or chest.
- Symptoms:
- Bloated belly or labored breathing resulting from fluid buildup.
- Pale gums.
- Loss of appetite and weight loss.
Dry FIP
- No fluid buildup.
- Inflammation of organs including the brain, eyes, liver and kidneys.
- Symptoms:
- Neurological signs including wobbliness, tremors, seizures, head tilt.
- Eye symptoms, including inflammation, cloudiness, color change to one or both eyes.
- Other symptoms including yellowing of the gums or eyes, excessive thirst or urination.
Is FIP curable?
Yes! A newly-approved antiviral oral drug called GS-441524 has saved thousands of cats globally. Treated cats go on to live normal, healthy lives.
How does FIP spread?
FIP is not contagious, but the feline Coronavirus that causes FIP is. Feline Coronavirus is primarily spread through shared litter boxes or grooming and is very common, but usually causes no illness.
What should I do if my cat has symptoms?
Take your cat to your veterinarian as soon as possible. Your veterinarian will run lab tests to determine if your cat has FIP.
What you can do to help:
- Share what you learned; FIP is curable!
- Know someone with a cat facing an FIP diagnosis? Tell them about the GS-441524 antiviral treatment.
- Consider adopting a cat who beat FIP – they can live full, happy lives!
- Support FIP+ cats at Second Chance by donating to help fund life-saving treatment.
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) is a virus that affects cats, weakening their immune systems over time. Understanding FIV and caring for FIV+ cats is important, as they can live long, healthy lives and make loving, loyal companions with proper care.
Common questions about FIV:
What is FIV?
FIV is a retrovirus that specifically infects cats, targeting and weakening the immune system. FIV is one of the most common infectious diseases among cats.
How common is FIV?
In North America, around 3-5% of cats are FIV+.
Symptoms of FIV:
FIV symptoms can vary widely, and many cats may not show any signs for years. In more advanced stages as the cat’s immune system weakens, symptoms may include:
- Chronic infections (e.g., skin, urinary tract, respiratory).
- Weight loss or poor coat condition.
- Lethargy or decreased activity.
- Fever and swollen lymph nodes.
- Gum disease and mouth infections.
- Chronic diarrhea.
- Behavioral changes, such as aggression or withdrawal.
How does FIV transmitted?
The FIV virus is present in the cat’s saliva, transmitted primarily though deep, blood-causing bite wounds.
How can I determine if my cat has FIV?
If your cat has symptoms of FIV, take your cat to the veterinarian for them to run an FIV screening test.
Is FIV curable?
While there is no cure, FIV+ cats can live nearly normal lives with a few extra precautions.
Can humans contract FIV?
No. FIV is a species-specific virus, affecting only cats.
Dispelling myths about FIV:
Myth | Fact |
|---|---|
FIV is a death sentence. | The lifespan of FIV+ cats is about equal to any indoor cat without FIV. Proper care is essential, including exercise, a proper diet and vet visits every 6-months. FIV+ cats must always be kept indoors to shield them from infectious diseases and to protect other cats. |
FIV spreads easily between cats. | FIV is primarily transmitted between cats through deep bite wounds, not through casual contact like sharing food or water bowls, or litter boxes. |
FIV+ cats can’t live with other animals. | FIV is primarily transmitted through deep, blood-drawing bite wounds from an infected cat. Households where all cats are spayed/neutered, remain indoors, and live peacefully pose little risk of FIV transmission. |
FIV+ cats have a lower quality of life. | FIV is an incredibly slow virus – it can take years before it has an impact, if ever. With a good diet, safe and caring environment, regular vet checks and an indoor-only lifestyle, FIV+ cats live a normal life. |
FIV is the same as “Feline AIDs”. | FIV is a virus that weakens a cat's immune system, but it doesn't automatically cause "Feline AIDS, which is the advanced stage of FIV infection". |
FIV+ cats should be euthanized, even when otherwise healthy. | Euthanasia of FIV+ cats is not in accordance with the Feline Medical Association guidelines. If this is your vet’s recommendation, it may make sense to get a second opinion. |
As a cat owner, it’s tempting to share your favorite foods with your feline friend, but not all human foods are safe for cats. While some ingredients can be a tasty treat, others can be harmful or even toxic. Its important to understand what’s safe and what to avoid to help keep your cat healthy and happy. You’ve come to the right place to learn what people foods are cat-friendly and which should stay off the menu! We strongly recommend that you check with your vet before offering people food to your kitty.
Mouse-over each food to learn more!
Cantaloupe is fine for cats,
as it is a good source of
vitamin C, beta carotene,
fiber and antioxidants. Offer
small cubes or slices of the
flesh but avoid the rind.
Mangos are a good treat for
cats, rich in fiber, Vitamins A,
B6 and C. Feed cats only
small cubes with skin and
seeds removed.
Pineapples are safe for cats
so long as leaves, thorns and
find are completely removed
and only fresh pineapple is
served (not canned).
Pineapple is a good source
of Vitamins A, B6 and C as
well as magnesium and
potassium.
Pupkin is sometimes
prescribed for cats with stool
problems due to its high fiber
content. If you feed pumpkin
to your cat, be sure it is
pureed with no added spices.
Never feed a cat raw
pumpkin, which is difficult to
digest and can lead to an
obstruction.
Spinach is safe for cats in
small, cooked portions and
provides vitamins like A, C,
and K. Offer only occasionally,
since raw spinach contains
oxalates that can contribute
to kidney or bladder issues in
some cats.
As carnivores, meats are
great for cats so long as they
are cooked to avoid the risk
of E. Coli poisoning. Trim off
the fat and skin and carefully
remove all bones before
feeding meat to your cat.
Beef, chicken, turkey, liver and
lamb are all OK for your cat.
Fish is also a great source of
protein for cats. Oily fishes
like mackerel and tuna are
rich in omega-3 fatty acids,
which are beneficial to cats
with certain health conditions
including arthritis and kidney
disease. White fish like cod
and sole don’t have these
benefits. Never feed your cat
uncooked fish and always be
sure to remove all bones to
avoid choking.
Poultry, especially chicken
and turkey, are excellent for
cats because they are high
in protein and low in
calories. Be sure to only feed
your cat cooked poultry and
be very careful to remove
all bones.
Eggs, as a good source of
protein and amino acids, are
a good choice for cats so
long as they are cooked
(scrambled or boiled).
fed in small bite-sized
pieces to avoid choking.
which can be served either
fresh or frozen and contain
vitamins B6 and C as well as
potassium. Bananas also
contain a lot of
carbohydrates and sugar,
however, which are not
good for cats, particularly
those with diabetes or
intestinal tract disorders.
Best to have your vet sign off
before feeding your cat
bananas.
antioxidants and are safe for
cats but are also high in
sugar, so should only be fed
in moderation.
cats in small amounts, as
long as it’s cooked plain and
offered only as an occasional
treat. Just avoid giving leaves
or stems since they contain
solanine, which can be
irritating if eaten.
occasional bites, though
most cats aren’t very
interested in its taste or
texture. Remove the skin and
seeds to avoid digestive
irritation, and offer only as a
rare treat.
in very small amounts,
especially plain green olives,
which some cats enjoy
because they contain
compounds similar to
catnip. Keep portions tiny
and avoid stuffed, salty, or
seasoned varieties to
prevent stomach upset.
antioxidants and are safe for
cats but are also high in
sugar, so should only be fed
in moderation.
Winter squash is safe and
even a bit beneficial for cats
in small, cooked, plain
portions since its fiber can
support healthy digestion.
Just serve it soft and
unseasoned, and keep it as
an occasional treat rather
than a regular part of their
diet.
long as the seeds, stems
and pits are removed.
antioxidants and are safe for
cats but are also high in
sugar, so should only be fed
in moderation.
antioxidants and are safe for
cats but are also high in
sugar, so should only be fed
in moderation.
tiny, infrequent bites, though
most cats aren’t drawn to its
sweetness. Remove the rind
and seeds, and offer only
soft, plain pieces to avoid
digestive upset.
Nectarine flesh is safe for
cats in very small,
occasional bites, as long as
it’s soft and plain. Always
remove the pit and avoid the
skin, since pits contain trace
cyanide compounds and the
skin can be harder to digest.
rich in vitamin C, potassium,
folate and fiber, cats cannot
eat enough strawberries to
benefit much.
seeds, stems and pits are
removed.
Cats can eat raw
watermelon in moderation if
the seeds and rind are
completely removed,
benefiting from hydration
and electrolytes.
Artichokes are safe for cats
in tiny amounts if they’re
cooked plain and served
without oils or seasonings.
Their fibrous texture can
make them hard to digest,
so keep portions very small
and occasional.
contain fiber, Vitamin C and
manganese but also contain
oxalates, which can
contribute to kidney stones
in some animals.
occasional treat but are high
in sugar, which can cause
digestive upset.
small bites to avoid a
choking hazard.
cucumbers, they don’t need
it to meet their dietary needs
and will often turn their nose
up at it.
healthy digestion in cats but
should only be served fresh or
frozen, as canned green
beans can be high in salt
content, which can cause
health problems in cats.
Peas are OK for cats in
moderation, as long as they
are plain with no toppings or
additives like salt or butter
and are thoroughly cooked.
safe for cats in small,
occasional bites and can be
easy on their stomach when
served plain. Never feed raw
potato or potato skin since
both can contain solanine,
which is harmful to cats.
source of fiber, potassium
and vitamins A and C for
cats but be sure they are
completely cooked and
keep portions small (less
than 1 tablespoon).
small, cooked, plain portions
and is generally easy for
them to digest. Keep servings
tiny, since too much fiber
can cause mild stomach
upset.
which is high in fiber and
might help normalize stool
for cats experiencing
constipation or diarrhea.
Feed your cat broccoli only
in moderation, however, and
only plain broccoli that has
been thoroughly cooked.
Cabbage is safe for cats in
very small, cooked portions,
since cooking makes it easier
to digest. Keep amounts tiny,
as too much can cause gas
or mild stomach upset.
small, cooked, plain portions,
which are easier on their
digestive system. Offer only
occasional bites, since too
much can cause gas or mild
stomach upset.
for cats but is probably
already included in your cat’s
cat food.
tiny amounts and can
sometimes help with mild
nausea or digestive upset.
Always use plain, fresh or
powdered ginger sparingly,
as large amounts can cause
stomach irritation.
small amounts and can
provide a bit of crunch and
hydration. Offer plain,
washed leaves occasionally,
as it has little nutritional
value and too much may
cause mild digestive upset.
peppers, are safe for cats in
small, cooked or raw pieces.
Avoid spicy varieties, and
offer only tiny amounts, since
too much can cause
stomach upset.
Cooked tuna is safe for cats
in small, occasional servings
and can be a tasty treat.
Avoid feeding it too often, as
excessive tuna can lead to
mercury buildup and
nutritional imbalances.
Plain bread without raisins is
safe for cats in very small
amounts as an occasional
treat. Avoid sweetened or
raisin-containing breads,
since raisins are toxic to cats
and excessive carbs can
upset their digestion.
should only be served mixed
in water, not milk. As a
carnivore, cats don’t really
need oatmeal in their diet
and their high fiber content
can cause digestive
problems in cats.
is safe for cats in tiny
amounts as an occasional
treat. Avoid varieties with
added sugar, salt, or xylitol,
which is highly toxic to cats.
brown rice contain protein
and are OK for cats in
moderation.
While fig leaves are
toxic to cats, fig fruit is not
toxic in small amounts
although they provide no
nutritional value to cats and
are best avoided.
While the flesh of peaches is
nontoxic to cats the soft
interior kernel of the pit
contains the chemical
amygdalin, which converts to
hydrogen cyanide, which is
extremely toxic to cats.
Peach skin can also contain
harmful pesticide residues.
for cats. It is high alkaline
level in potassium can
potentially cause urinary
tract blockages.
for cats due to their high
levels of carbohydrates and
sugars, which may lead to
digestive issues in some cats.
radishes are known to cause
gastrointestinal discomfort
and excessive gas.
While not toxic to cats,
cheese can cause diarrhea
in cats and is best avoided.
cats, many cats are lactose-
intolerant and can develop
an upset stomach, cramps
or gassiness if they consume
milk. Adult cats fed a
nutritious diet don’t need milk.
can cause diarrhea in cats and
is best avoided. Sweetened
or flavored yogurt is an
absolute “no” for cats.
which can cause your kitty
health issues like vomiting,
diarrhea, pancreatitis, and
even life-threatening salt
poisoning.
large amounts of liver
because it can lead to
hypervitaminosis A
(vitamin A toxicity), which
can cause severe health
problems like bone
malformation, lethargy, and
constipation.
cinnamon isn’t a good choice
for cats because it can
irritate a cat’s digestive
system, risking stomach
upset, diarrhea and
vomiting.
natural unprocessed
coconut without additives is
best avoided due to its high
fat content and the medium
chain triglycerides (MCT) it
contains are not safe in large
quantities.
contain chocolate (which is
toxic to cats) is not
necessarily unsafe, many
cats are lactose intolerant
and cannot digest the milk
from which ice cream is
made.
ketchup because it contains
ingredients like garlic, onions,
and high levels of sugar that
are harmful or toxic to them,
potentially causing
symptoms like vomiting,
diarrhea, and more severe
health issues.
toxins that can be harmful
to cats.
can lead to salt toxicity,
causing symptoms like
vomiting, diarrhea, tremors,
and seizures, and can lead
to serious health issues such
as dehydration, high blood
pressure, and kidney
damage.
Avocado is mildly toxic to
cats due to the presence of
persin, which can cause
vomiting and diarrhea in
cats. Avocados are also very
high in fat, which can lead to
gastroenteritis or
pancreatitis. Be especially
careful if you have
guacamole out at a party!
The ASPCA advises: "As there
are still many unknowns with
the toxic potential of grapes
and raisins, the ASPCA Animal
Poison Control Center
advises not giving grapes or
raisins to pets in any
amount." There is no reason
to risk a dangerous situation,
so it's best to keep these
fruits away from your cat.
The oils and compounds in
citrus fruits like oranges,
lemons, and limes can cause
digestive irritation, vomiting,
diarrhea or even central
nervous system depression
in cats.
The oils and compounds in
citrus fruits like oranges,
lemons, and limes can cause
digestive irritation, vomiting,
diarrhea or even central
nervous system depression
in cats.
The oils and compounds in
citrus fruits like oranges,
lemons, and limes can cause
digestive irritation, vomiting,
diarrhea or even central
nervous system depression
in cats.
The ASPCA advises: "As there
are still many unknowns with
the toxic potential of grapes
and raisins, the ASPCA Animal
Poison Control Center
advises not giving grapes or
raisins to pets in any
amount." There is no reason
to risk a dangerous situation,
so it's best to keep these fruits
away from your cat.
Chives contain
N-propyl Disulfide, a
substance that destroys red
blood cells in cats, causing
Heinz body anemia.
family, which contains
compounds like N-propyl
disulfide that can cause
oxidative damage to a cat's
red blood cells. This can lead
to a serious and potentially
fatal condition called
hemolytic anemia, and can
also cause gastrointestinal
upset. Symptoms of leek
poisoning include vomiting,
diarrhea, lethargy, pale
gums, and rapid breathing.
Toxicity can occur even with
small amounts, including in
dried or powdered forms.
toxic compound solanine,
which can cause poisoning
in cats with symptoms
including vomiting, diarrhea
and lethargy. Additionally,
raw potatoes are difficult for
cats to digest and offer no
nutritional value since they
are obligate carnivores
designed for a high-protein
diet, not carbohydrates.
ripe tomatoes is not toxic to
cats, their leaves and stems
are harmful, as are unripe
tomatoes, which can cause
gastrointestinal distress in
cats. Green tomatoes
contain bitter chemical
called Glycoalkaloid
Solanine, which can cause
violent gastrointestinal
symptoms.
cause red blood cell damage
and anemia in cats.
Onions (and Chives) contain
N-propyl Disulfide, a
substance that destroys red
blood cells in cats, causing
Heinz body anemia.
compound in spicy peppers,
can cause a cat pain,
inflammation and digestive
upset.
consumption of raw meats
risks salmonella or E. coli
poisoning in cats. Symptoms
vary but can include
vomiting, diarrhea, and
lethargy.
As with humans,
consumption of raw eggs
risks salmonella or E. coli
poisoning in cats.
Symptoms vary but can
include vomiting, diarrhea,
and lethargy. Raw eggs also
contain an enzyme that can
lead to skin and coat
problems in cats.
Almonds pose a choking
hazard due to their hard
texture, can cause digestive
upset due to their high fat
content, and may contain
toxic compounds in certain
varieties. While sweet
almonds are not toxic, their
consumption by cats can
lead to serious issues like
choking, digestive problems
such as vomiting and
diarrhea, or even
pancreatitis.
raw bones, which can cause
them to choke, obstruct
their digestive tract and/or
damage their teeth.
commonly found in
candies that can cause
deadly hypoglycemia and
potential liver failure on cats.
The Pet Poison Helpline has
not indicated toxicity to cats
but should be avoided to
reduce risk.
fat for cats and can cause
digestive issues like vomiting,
diarrhea, or an upset
stomach. While it's not toxic,
the high fat content can
lead to more serious health
problems if consumed
regularly, such as
pancreatitis or obesity. Some
cats may also have trouble
digesting the high amount
of plant-based protein.
Injested raw dough can
expand within the cat’s
stomach, resulting in an
obstruction. Alcohol is also
produced as part of the
fermentation process which
could lead to high levels
being absorbed by your cat.
If you think your cat has
ingested even a small
amount of alcohol or raw
dough, take them to the vet
immediately.
moderately toxic to cats and
can cause weakness,
vomiting, tremors, and fever.
They are also high in fat and
oil, which can lead to serious
health issues like pancreatitis
and gastrointestinal upset.
They are also a choking
hazard to cats.
highly toxic, leading to
gastrointestinal issues,
organ failure (especially
liver and kidneys), and even
death. Many poisonous
mushrooms look similar to
safe ones, and it can be
difficult for owners to
distinguish between them.
Symptoms of poisoning
range from immediate
vomiting and diarrhea to
delayed, severe symptoms
like lethargy and jaundice
that can occur days later.
which can lead to digestive
upset or serious conditions
like pancreatitis in cats.
Walnuts can also pose a
choking hazard or cause
intestinal blockages, and if
they have mold, can contain
toxins that are especially
dangerous for cats.
toxic to cats. While a small
lick of an alcoholic beverage
is not lethal, consuming a
large quantity can be. Cats
can be exposed to spilled
alcohol at a party or from
ingestion of hand sanitizer,
mouthwash, fermenting fruits
and bread dough containing
yeast.
contain Methylxanthines,
which can cause vomiting
and diarrhea, high body
temperature, muscle
tremors, abnormal heart
rhythm, abdominal
discomfort, increased thirst,
and seizures in cats.
Chocolate contains the
chemical Theobromine,
which can cause chocolate
toxicity in a cat. This
substance is found in the
highest concentration in
dark unsweetened chocolate.
toxic to cats, it provides a
very different set of nutrients
than those needed by a cat.
For example, cats need
plenty of vitamin A, taurine,
arachidonic acid and
protein, which is usually
present in much lower
levels in dog food. Without
sufficient taurine, for
example, cats can develop
heart disease, vision and
dental issues.
intestinal blockages, and
poisoning from sweeteners
like xylitol. Chewing gum can
get stuck in a cat's throat or,
if swallowed, form a
blockage in the digestive
tract that may require
surgery. Xylitol is highly toxic
and can lead to seizures and
liver failure.
and artificial sweeteners in
most sodas are very bad for
cats.
contain Methylxanthines,
which can cause vomiting
and diarrhea, high body
temperature, muscle
tremors, abnormal heart
rhythm, abdominal
discomfort, increased thirst,
and seizures in cats.
can cause serious health
problems, such as alcohol
poisoning and life-
threatening stomach bloat,
due to fermentation in their
digestive system. Raw yeast
ferments, producing alcohol
and expanding gases, which
can lead to symptoms like
vomiting, disorientation,
tremors, and a dangerously
distended stomach.
Information Sources:
The information on this page was compiled from sources including:
- ASPCA
- Hillspet.com
- PetMD by Chewy
- Healthline.com
- Thevets.com
Cat owners may wonder if their kitties are at risk of heartworm disease, which is a well-known concern for dogs. Rest assured, the risk to cats is far lower. Read on to learn more about heartworms in cats, their potential effects, and how you can best protect your feline friend.
Understanding heartworms
What are heartworms?
Heartworm disease is a serious parasitic infestation of worms that live in the cardiovascular system of the infected animal, causing severe lung disease, heart failure and damage to other organs in the body. Heartworm disease affects dogs and cats as well as other mammals but rarely humans. It is a global disease and has been detected in all 50 states in the US.
Heartworm transmission:
Heartworms are transmitted by mosquito bite. When a mosquito bites an infected animal, they ingest microscopic baby heartworms (microfilaria) that develop into infective larvae over the next 10-14 days. The next time that mosquito bites an animal, the larvae enter through the bite wound. Inside the new host, they mature into adult heartworms in about six months. These worms can live up to 2-3 years in cats, with each mosquito season increasing the risk of infection.
Heartworms in cats:
Heartworm disease in cats is very different from heartworm disease in dogs. The cat is an atypical host for heartworms, and most worms in cats do not survive to the adult stage. Cats with adult heartworms typically have just one to three worms, and many cats affected by heartworms have no adult worms. Heartworm disease is therefore not usually a major concern to cat owners although outdoor cats are obviously at greater risk than indoor cats.
Detecting heartworms in cats:
While rare, cats do sometimes contract heartworms. Since the signs of heartworm disease in cats can be very subtle, it often goes undetected. Symptoms may include:
- Coughing.
- Asthma-like attacks.
- Periodic vomiting.
- Lack of appetite.
- Weight loss.
- Occasionally an affected cat may have difficulty walking, experience fainting or seizures, or suffer from fluid accumulation in the abdomen.
If you are concerned that your cat has heartworms, contact your veterinarian immediately for testing – usually a simple blood test. The earlier heartworms are detected, the better the chances are for recovery.
What you should do:
Heartworm prevention:
Because heartworms can be easily avoided by monthly preventative treatments, your veterinarian may recommend year-round monthly heartworm prevention for your cat, especially if they go outdoors. Many excellent heartworm preventatives are readily available for cats and are safe and easy to administer. Ask your veterinarian if they are right for your kitty.
Introducing a new cat into your home is exciting but requires careful planning. A thoughtful, purposeful approach ensures that the new cat adjusts smoothly to the change. A proper introduction can help reduce stress, prevent behavioral issues, and lay the foundation for a harmonious household. Patience and preparation are key to ensuring a successful transition for everyone involved.
It is important to be patient as your new cat adapts to the new sights, smells, and sounds of their new home.
Pet adjustment periods: The 3-3-3 guide
The “3 days, 3 weeks, 3 months” guide coined by the ASPCA explains how adopted pets gradually decompress, adjust, and truly settle into their new home over those three key milestones.
The first 3 days:
Your new pet is still decompressing, so expect uncertainty, extra rest, and time needed to feel safe.
The first three weeks:
Your pet begins to understand routines, show their personality, and feel more at home.
The first three months:
Your pet is truly settling in, building trust, and feeling fully comfortable as part of the family.
Additional steps if you already have a cat:
Step 1:
Set up a sanctuary room:
Start your new cat in a separate room with food, water, a bed, and a litter box for a few days. Keep your existing cat out.
Step 2:
Scent swapping:
Exchange each cat’s scent using cloths—place your existing cat’s scent in the new cat’s space and vice versa.
Step 3:
Visual barrier:
Once they’re comfortable with each other’s scent, allow them to see each other through a barrier like a glass door or baby gate.
Step 4:
Actual introductions:
When both cats appear calm, introduce them in the same space with toys as distractions. Repeat sessions as needed, returning the new cat to its room between meetings. This may take several weeks.
Step 5:
Avoid fear and aggression:
Avoid interactions that trigger fear or aggression, as these behaviors can become habits. Mild reactions are normal, but don’t let them escalate. If either animal shows distress, separate them and reintroduce gradually in small steps.
Step 6:
Continuing on:
After a successful introduction, keep both cats engaged with plenty of toys to maintain a peaceful environment.
What you should do:
Step 1:
Prepare your home:
Clear your home for potential cat hazards.
- Remove potentially toxic houseplants or flowers.
- Put childproof locks on cabinets with chemical & harmful contents.
- Store all human medications out of paw’s reach. Some are deadly to cats!
- Stow breakable items.
- Secure window screens so they can’t get out or fall.
- Tie up cords so they can’t get tangled.
- Close toilet lids.
Step 2:
Set up a sanctuary room:
Give your cat a place to escape when they need some alone time – a spare room for a few days with food, water, a bed and litter box.
Step 3:
Make human introductions:
Introduce your new cat to its human housemates gradually. Some cats adjust quickly, while others may hide at first—give them time. If children are present, supervise interactions, set expectations, and lead by example to ensure a smooth transition.
Step 4:
If you transition their food:
Day 1-2:
75% old food, 25% new food.
Day 3-4:
50% old food, 50% new food.
Day 5-6:
25% old food, 75% new food.
Day 7:
100% new food.
Additional steps if you already have a dog:
Step 1:
Set up a sanctuary room:
Start your new cat in a separate room with food, water, a bed, and a litter box for a few days. Keep your dog out, sometimes for as long as 3-4 days.
Step 2:
Scent swapping:
Exchange your dog’s and cat’s scents using cloths—place your existing dog’s scent in the new cat’s space and vice versa.
Step 3:
Visual barrier:
Once they’re comfortable with each other’s scent, allow them to see each other through a barrier like a glass door or baby gate. Consider feeding them at these times so they begin to associate the other animal’s presence with something good.
Step 4:
Actual introductions:
When both animals appear calm, introduce them in a common room (not the sanctuary) with the dog on a leash and toys as distractions. Don’t restrain either pet in your arms to avoid injury. Give both animals treats as a reward for calm. Keep the first session short and repeat as needed, returning the new cat to its room between meetings. This may take several weeks.
Step 5:
Avoid fear and aggression:
Avoid interactions that trigger fear or aggression, as these behaviors can become habits. Mild reactions are normal, but don’t let them escalate. If either animal shows distress, separate them and reintroduce gradually in small steps.
Step 6:
Allow them loose together:
Once they are getting along well, allow them loose in the room together, keeping the dog’s leash attached and dragging on the floor so that you can grab it if the dog gets excited. If tension erupts, go back to Step 4 for a day or two.
Step 7:
Continuing on:
After a successful introduction, keep both animals engaged with plenty of toys to maintain a peaceful environment.
Litter Box Problems
Cats are naturally inclined to bury their waste to conceal their scent from predators and prey. This instinct makes litter box training relatively straightforward for most cats. Providing the right environment and gentle guidance will help your cat develop consistent and healthy litter habits.
Possible Causes:
- Dirty litter box
- Medical issues (like urinary tract infection)
- Stress
How to Address:
- Ensure the litter box is scooped at least once a day. Twice a day is better.
- Have one litter box per cat and one extra.
- Avoid scented cleaners or litter. Cats have very sensitive noses. What smells good to us can be overwhelming to them.
- Try different types of litter. Some cats are picky about how litter feels under their paws.
- Rule out medical issues with a veterinarian visit. Urinary tract infections are the leading cause of inappropriate elimination in cats.
- Move the litter box to a different part of the room or house.
Aggression Toward Humans or Other Pets
While cats are usually gentle and independent, they can sometimes show aggression toward people or other pets. Understanding the cause is the first step toward calming the conflict and restoring harmony at home.
Possible Causes:
- Fear or stress
- Territoriality
- Redirected aggression
- Lack of socialization
How to Address:
- Give your cat space. Don’t punish, as this can cause harm and lead to an increase in aggressive behavior.
- Use positive reinforcement (treats, play). Rewarding a cat when they are playing nicely or acting appropriately is a good way to encourage desired behaviors.
- Identify and remove stress triggers. Provide your cat with a space where they can go to feel safe.
- Try a cat calming pheromone such as FELIWAY.
- If you’re your cat’s aggression is severe or sudden, consult a veterinarian or behaviorist.
Excessive Meowing or Yowling
Cats vocalize to communicate, but excessive meowing or yowling can signal that something’s off. Pinpointing the cause can help you quiet the noise and meet your cat’s needs more effectively.
Possible Causes:
- Hunger
- Attention-seeking
- Medical issues
How to Address:
- Make sure basic needs are met (food, water, clean litter).
- Provide structured playtime and enrichment.
- Ignore attention-seeking meows and reward quiet.
- See a veterinarian to rule out illness, especially in senior cats. Hyperthyroidism and renal disease can be a cause of vocalizing. If the cat is male and is vocalizing in the litter box, and straining to urinate, seek medical attention immediately, as this may be a sign of urinary blockage and can be life-threatening.
Scratching Furniture
Scratching is a natural and necessary behavior for cats. It helps them stretch, mark territory, and keep their claws healthy. But when the target is your furniture, it’s time to redirect the behavior in a way that works for both of you.
Possible Causes:
Natural instinct to sharpen claws and mark territory.
How to Address:
- Provide multiple scratching posts and pads of different materials. Find a surface your cat likes more than the surfaces you don’t want them to scratch. Ensure that these items are in the areas that the cat likes to scratch. Too often, people will tuck away posts and pads in corners to be out of the way, but it’s important to have them in the cat’s “flight pattern” to encourage interaction. Offering different materials (jute mats, wood posts, sisal roping, cardboard scratchers) are good ways to identify a cat’s scratching preferences. Make sure that posts are tall and sturdy enough to not topple and offer the resistance your cat wants to help them naturally shed the outer coating of their nails.
- Use catnip or toys to attract them to posts. Playing with a cat on a post or cat tree is a great way to use positive reinforcement to encourage good scratching behavior.
- Use furniture protectors or double-sided tape as deterrents. Pet safe motion activated deterrents can also be effective.
- Trim claws regularly or consider nail caps.
- Declawing is not a solution and is considered cruel. It’s a major surgery that removes part of each toe, similar to amputating part of a human finger.
Destructive Nighttime Behavior
Many cats become especially active at night, leading to zooming, pouncing, or knocking things over while you’re trying to sleep. This nighttime mischief is often rooted in boredom or excess energy but can be managed with the right adjustments.
Possible Causes:
- Pent-up energy
- Hunger
How to Address:
- Schedule interactive play before bed.
- Feed a small meal at bedtime. (Don’t get up to feed them in the middle of the night, though. This will just train them to expect that and can reinforce the behaviors you don’t want.)
- Try puzzle feeders for mental stimulation.
- Consider adding a buddy. Some cats will do better with some kitty (or doggy!) companionship, so if your household and budget will allow it, adopting a friend can provide mental and physical stimulation.
Hiding or Fearfulness
Some cats are naturally shy, but excessive hiding or fearfulness can signal stress or discomfort in their environment. Understanding what’s triggering their anxiety is key to helping them feel safe and confident.
Possible Causes:
- New environment
- Loud noises
- Lack of socialization
How to Address:
- Create safe, quiet zones. Keep stressors like children and other pets away if they seem to cause your kitty stress.
- Use calming products (pheromone diffusers like FELIWAY).
- Let them come to you – don’t force interaction.
Overgrooming or Fur Loss
Overgrooming or fur loss in cats is a sign that something is wrong. Identifying the cause is crucial to stopping the behavior and restoring your cat’s well-being.
Possible Causes:
- Stress
- Allergies
- Parasites
- Medical issues
How to Address:
- Visit a veterinarian to check for medical causes. Fleas, mites or even intestinal parasites can cause these symptoms. Environmental or food allergies and hormonal changes can cause itching and rashes, so it is best to have your cat examined by a veterinarian.
- Reduce stress with environmental enrichment or the use of calming products (pheromone diffusers like Feliway).
- Offer scratching posts, shelves and toys.
Stealing Food or Jumping on Counters
Stealing food or jumping on counters is a common cat behavior, often driven by curiosity or a desire for tasty treats. With some consistent training and environmental changes, you can help your cat break these habits and keep your kitchen off-limits.
Possible Causes:
- Curiosity
- Hunger
- Learned behavior
Guidance:
- Keep counters clean and food put away.
- Use motion-activated deterrents or foil strips.
- Feed meals on a schedule to reduce scavenging. Smaller meals throughout the day may help.
- Provide elevated alternatives like cat trees.
